AssetImage class Null safety

Fetches an image from an AssetBundle, having determined the exact image to use based on the context.

Given a main asset and a set of variants, AssetImage chooses the most appropriate asset for the current context, based on the device pixel ratio and size given in the configuration passed to resolve.

To show a specific image from a bundle without any asset resolution, use an AssetBundleImageProvider.

Naming assets for matching with different pixel densities

Main assets are presumed to match a nominal pixel ratio of 1.0. To specify assets targeting different pixel ratios, place the variant assets in the application bundle under subdirectories named in the form "Nx", where N is the nominal device pixel ratio for that asset.

For example, suppose an application wants to use an icon named "heart.png". This icon has representations at 1.0 (the main icon), as well as 2.0 and 4.0 pixel ratios (variants). The asset bundle should then contain the following assets:

heart.png
2.0x/heart.png
4.0x/heart.png

On a device with a 1.0 device pixel ratio, the image chosen would be heart.png; on a device with a 2.0 device pixel ratio, the image chosen would be 2.0x/heart.png; on a device with a 4.0 device pixel ratio, the image chosen would be 4.0x/heart.png.

On a device with a device pixel ratio that does not exactly match an available asset the "best match" is chosen. Which asset is the best depends on the screen. Low-resolution screens (those with device pixel ratio strictly less than 2.0) use a different matching algorithm from the high-resolution screen. Because in low-resolution screens the physical pixels are visible to the user upscaling artifacts (e.g. blurred edges) are more pronounced. Therefore, a higher resolution asset is chosen, if available. For higher-resolution screens, where individual physical pixels are not visible to the user, the asset variant with the pixel ratio that's the closest to the screen's device pixel ratio is chosen.

For example, for a screen with device pixel ratio 1.25 the image chosen would be 2.0x/heart.png, even though heart.png (i.e. 1.0) is closer. This is because the screen is considered low-resolution. For a screen with device pixel ratio of 2.25 the image chosen would also be 2.0x/heart.png. This is because the screen is considered to be a high-resolution screen, and therefore upscaling a 2.0x image to 2.25 won't result in visible upscaling artifacts. However, for a screen with device-pixel ratio 3.25 the image chosen would be 4.0x/heart.png because it's closer to 4.0 than it is to 2.0.

Choosing a higher-resolution image than necessary may waste significantly more memory if the difference between the screen device pixel ratio and the device pixel ratio of the image is high. To reduce memory usage, consider providing more variants of the image. In the example above adding a 3.0x/heart.png variant would improve memory usage for screens with device pixel ratios between 3.0 and 3.5.

ImageConfiguration can be used to customize the selection of the image variant by setting ImageConfiguration.devicePixelRatio to value different from the default. The default value is derived from MediaQueryData.devicePixelRatio by createLocalImageConfiguration.

The directory level of the asset does not matter as long as the variants are at the equivalent level; that is, the following is also a valid bundle structure:

icons/heart.png
icons/1.5x/heart.png
icons/2.0x/heart.png

assets/icons/3.0x/heart.png would be a valid variant of assets/icons/heart.png.

Fetching assets

When fetching an image provided by the app itself, use the assetName argument to name the asset to choose. For instance, consider the structure above. First, the pubspec.yaml of the project should specify its assets in the flutter section:

flutter:
  assets:
    - icons/heart.png

Then, to fetch the image, use:

AssetImage('icons/heart.png')

The following shows the code required to write a widget that fully conforms to the AssetImage and Widget protocols. (It is essentially a bare-bones version of the widgets.Image widget made to work specifically for an AssetImage.)
class MyImage extends StatefulWidget {
  const MyImage({
    super.key,
    required this.assetImage,
  });

  final AssetImage assetImage;

  @override
  State<MyImage> createState() => _MyImageState();
}

class _MyImageState extends State<MyImage> {
  ImageStream? _imageStream;
  ImageInfo? _imageInfo;

  @override
  void didChangeDependencies() {
    super.didChangeDependencies();
    // We call _getImage here because createLocalImageConfiguration() needs to
    // be called again if the dependencies changed, in case the changes relate
    // to the DefaultAssetBundle, MediaQuery, etc, which that method uses.
    _getImage();
  }

  @override
  void didUpdateWidget(MyImage oldWidget) {
    super.didUpdateWidget(oldWidget);
    if (widget.assetImage != oldWidget.assetImage) {
      _getImage();
    }
  }

  void _getImage() {
    final ImageStream? oldImageStream = _imageStream;
    _imageStream = widget.assetImage.resolve(createLocalImageConfiguration(context));
    if (_imageStream!.key != oldImageStream?.key) {
      // If the keys are the same, then we got the same image back, and so we don't
      // need to update the listeners. If the key changed, though, we must make sure
      // to switch our listeners to the new image stream.
      final ImageStreamListener listener = ImageStreamListener(_updateImage);
      oldImageStream?.removeListener(listener);
      _imageStream!.addListener(listener);
    }
  }

  void _updateImage(ImageInfo imageInfo, bool synchronousCall) {
    setState(() {
      // Trigger a build whenever the image changes.
      _imageInfo?.dispose();
      _imageInfo = imageInfo;
    });
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _imageStream?.removeListener(ImageStreamListener(_updateImage));
    _imageInfo?.dispose();
    _imageInfo = null;
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return RawImage(
      image: _imageInfo?.image, // this is a dart:ui Image object
      scale: _imageInfo?.scale ?? 1.0,
    );
  }
}

Assets in packages

To fetch an asset from a package, the package argument must be provided. For instance, suppose the structure above is inside a package called my_icons. Then to fetch the image, use:

AssetImage('icons/heart.png', package: 'my_icons')

Assets used by the package itself should also be fetched using the package argument as above.

If the desired asset is specified in the pubspec.yaml of the package, it is bundled automatically with the app. In particular, assets used by the package itself must be specified in its pubspec.yaml.

A package can also choose to have assets in its 'lib/' folder that are not specified in its pubspec.yaml. In this case for those images to be bundled, the app has to specify which ones to include. For instance a package named fancy_backgrounds could have:

lib/backgrounds/background1.png
lib/backgrounds/background2.png
lib/backgrounds/background3.png

To include, say the first image, the pubspec.yaml of the app should specify it in the assets section:

  assets:
    - packages/fancy_backgrounds/backgrounds/background1.png

The lib/ is implied, so it should not be included in the asset path.

See also:

Inheritance
Annotations

Constructors

AssetImage(String assetName, {AssetBundle? bundle, String? package})
Creates an object that fetches an image from an asset bundle.
const

Properties

assetName String
The name of the main asset from the set of images to choose from. See the documentation for the AssetImage class itself for details.
final
bundle AssetBundle?
The bundle from which the image will be obtained.
final
hashCode int
The hash code for this object.
read-onlyoverride
keyName String
The name used to generate the key to obtain the asset. For local assets this is assetName, and for assets from packages the assetName is prefixed 'packages/
read-only
package String?
The name of the package from which the image is included. See the documentation for the AssetImage class itself for details.
final
runtimeType Type
A representation of the runtime type of the object.
read-onlyinherited

Methods

createStream(ImageConfiguration configuration) ImageStream
Called by resolve to create the ImageStream it returns.
protected">@protectedinherited
evict({ImageCache? cache, ImageConfiguration configuration = ImageConfiguration.empty}) Future<bool>
Evicts an entry from the image cache.
inherited
load(AssetBundleImageKey key, DecoderCallback decode) ImageStreamCompleter
Converts a key into an ImageStreamCompleter, and begins fetching the image.
inherited
loadBuffer(AssetBundleImageKey key, DecoderBufferCallback decode) ImageStreamCompleter
Converts a key into an ImageStreamCompleter, and begins fetching the image.
inherited
noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) → dynamic
Invoked when a non-existent method or property is accessed.
inherited
obtainCacheStatus({required ImageConfiguration configuration, ImageErrorListener? handleError}) Future<ImageCacheStatus?>
Returns the cache location for the key that this ImageProvider creates.
inherited
obtainKey(ImageConfiguration configuration) Future<AssetBundleImageKey>
Converts an ImageProvider's settings plus an ImageConfiguration to a key that describes the precise image to load.
override
resolve(ImageConfiguration configuration) ImageStream
Resolves this image provider using the given configuration, returning an ImageStream.
nonVirtual">@nonVirtualinherited
resolveStreamForKey(ImageConfiguration configuration, ImageStream stream, AssetBundleImageKey key, ImageErrorListener handleError) → void
Called by resolve with the key returned by obtainKey.
protected">@protectedinherited
toString() String
A string representation of this object.
override

Operators

operator ==(Object other) bool
The equality operator.
override