Package io.flutter.embedding.android

Class FlutterActivity

  • All Implemented Interfaces:
    ComponentCallbacks, ComponentCallbacks2, KeyEvent.Callback, LayoutInflater.Factory, LayoutInflater.Factory2, View.OnCreateContextMenuListener, Window.Callback, androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner, FlutterEngineConfigurator, FlutterEngineProvider, SplashScreenProvider, PlatformPlugin.PlatformPluginDelegate
    public class FlutterActivity
extends Activity
implements androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner
    Activity which displays a fullscreen Flutter UI.

    FlutterActivity is the simplest and most direct way to integrate Flutter within an Android app.

    FlutterActivity responsibilities

    FlutterActivity maintains the following responsibilities:

    • Displays an Android launch screen.
    • Displays a Flutter splash screen.
    • Configures the status bar appearance.
    • Chooses the Dart execution app bundle path, entrypoint and entrypoint arguments.
    • Chooses Flutter's initial route.
    • Renders Activity transparently, if desired.
    • Offers hooks for subclasses to provide and configure a FlutterEngine.
    • Save and restore instance state, see #shouldRestoreAndSaveState();

    Dart entrypoint, entrypoint arguments, initial route, and app bundle path

    The Dart entrypoint executed within this Activity is "main()" by default. To change the entrypoint that a FlutterActivity executes, subclass FlutterActivity and override getDartEntrypointFunctionName(). For non-main Dart entrypoints to not be tree-shaken away, you need to annotate those functions with @pragma('vm:entry-point') in Dart.

    The Dart entrypoint arguments will be passed as a list of string to Dart's entrypoint function. It can be passed using a FlutterActivity.NewEngineIntentBuilder via FlutterActivity.NewEngineIntentBuilder.dartEntrypointArgs.

    The Flutter route that is initially loaded within this Activity is "/". The initial route may be specified explicitly by passing the name of the route as a String in FlutterActivityLaunchConfigs.EXTRA_INITIAL_ROUTE, e.g., "my/deep/link".

    The initial route can each be controlled using a FlutterActivity.NewEngineIntentBuilder via FlutterActivity.NewEngineIntentBuilder.initialRoute.

    The app bundle path, Dart entrypoint, Dart entrypoint arguments, and initial route can also be controlled in a subclass of FlutterActivity by overriding their respective methods:

    The Dart entrypoint and app bundle path are not supported as Intent parameters since your Dart library entrypoints are your private APIs and Intents are invocable by other processes.

    Using a cached FlutterEngine

    FlutterActivity can be used with a cached FlutterEngine instead of creating a new one. Use withCachedEngine(String) to build a FlutterActivity Intent that is configured to use an existing, cached FlutterEngine. FlutterEngineCache is the cache that is used to obtain a given cached FlutterEngine. You must create and put a FlutterEngine into the FlutterEngineCache yourself before using the withCachedEngine(String) builder. An IllegalStateException will be thrown if a cached engine is requested but does not exist in the cache.

    When using a cached FlutterEngine, that FlutterEngine should already be executing Dart code, which means that the Dart entrypoint and initial route have already been defined. Therefore, FlutterActivity.CachedEngineIntentBuilder does not offer configuration of these properties.

    It is generally recommended to use a cached FlutterEngine to avoid a momentary delay when initializing a new FlutterEngine. The two exceptions to using a cached FlutterEngine are:

    • When FlutterActivity is the first Activity displayed by the app, because pre-warming a FlutterEngine would have no impact in this situation.
    • When you are unsure when/if you will need to display a Flutter experience.

    See https://flutter.dev/docs/development/add-to-app/performance for additional performance explorations on engine loading.

    The following illustrates how to pre-warm and cache a FlutterEngine: 

    
 // Create and pre-warm a FlutterEngine.
 FlutterEngine flutterEngine = new FlutterEngine(context);
 flutterEngine.getDartExecutor().executeDartEntrypoint(DartEntrypoint.createDefault());

 // Cache the pre-warmed FlutterEngine in the FlutterEngineCache.
 FlutterEngineCache.getInstance().put("my_engine", flutterEngine);

    Alternatives to FlutterActivity

    If Flutter is needed in a location that cannot use an Activity, consider using a FlutterFragment. Using a FlutterFragment requires forwarding some calls from an Activity to the FlutterFragment.

    If Flutter is needed in a location that can only use a View, consider using a FlutterView. Using a FlutterView requires forwarding some calls from an Activity, as well as forwarding lifecycle calls from an Activity or a Fragment.

    Launch Screen and Splash Screen

    FlutterActivity supports the display of an Android "launch screen" as well as a Flutter-specific "splash screen". The launch screen is displayed while the Android application loads. It is only applicable if FlutterActivity is the first Activity displayed upon loading the app. After the launch screen passes, a splash screen is optionally displayed. The splash screen is displayed for as long as it takes Flutter to initialize and render its first frame.

    Use Android themes to display a launch screen. Create two themes: a launch theme and a normal theme. In the launch theme, set windowBackground to the desired Drawable for the launch screen. In the normal theme, set windowBackground to any desired background color that should normally appear behind your Flutter content. In most cases this background color will never be seen, but for possible transition edge cases it is a good idea to explicitly replace the launch screen window background with a neutral color.

    Do not change aspects of system chrome between a launch theme and normal theme. Either define both themes to be fullscreen or not, and define both themes to display the same status bar and navigation bar settings. To adjust system chrome once the Flutter app renders, use platform channels to instruct Android to do so at the appropriate time. This will avoid any jarring visual changes during app startup.

    In the AndroidManifest.xml, set the theme of FlutterActivity to the defined launch theme. In the metadata section for FlutterActivity, defined the following reference to your normal theme:

    <meta-data android:name="io.flutter.embedding.android.NormalTheme" android:resource="@style/YourNormalTheme" />

    With themes defined, and AndroidManifest.xml updated, Flutter displays the specified launch screen until the Android application is initialized.

    Flutter also requires initialization time. To specify a splash screen for Flutter initialization, subclass FlutterActivity and override provideSplashScreen(). See SplashScreen for details on implementing a splash screen.

    Flutter ships with a splash screen that automatically displays the exact same windowBackground as the launch theme discussed previously. To use that splash screen, include the following metadata in AndroidManifest.xml for this FlutterActivity:

    <meta-data android:name="io.flutter.embedding.android.SplashScreenDrawable" android:resource="@drawable/launch_background" />

    Alternative Activity FlutterFragmentActivity is also available, which is similar to FlutterActivity but it extends FragmentActivity. You should use FlutterActivity, if possible, but if you need a FragmentActivity then you should use FlutterFragmentActivity.

    • Field Detail

      • FLUTTER_VIEW_ID

        public static final int FLUTTER_VIEW_ID
        The ID of the FlutterView created by this activity.

        This ID can be used to lookup FlutterView in the Android view hierarchy. For more, see View.findViewById(int).

      • delegate

        protected io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate delegate

    • Constructor Detail

      • FlutterActivity

        public FlutterActivity()

    • Method Detail

      • createDefaultIntent

        @NonNull
public static Intent createDefaultIntent​(@NonNull
                                         Context launchContext)
        Creates an Intent that launches a FlutterActivity, which creates a FlutterEngine that executes a main() Dart entrypoint, and displays the "/" route as Flutter's initial route.

        Consider using the withCachedEngine(String) Intent builder to control when the FlutterEngine should be created in your application.

        Parameters:
        launchContext - The launch context. e.g. An Activity.
        Returns:
        The default intent.

      • onCreate

        protected void onCreate​(@Nullable
                        Bundle savedInstanceState)
        Overrides:
        onCreate in class Activity

      • onStart

        protected void onStart()
        Overrides:
        onStart in class Activity

      • onPause

        protected void onPause()
        Overrides:
        onPause in class Activity

      • onStop

        protected void onStop()
        Overrides:
        onStop in class Activity

      • detachFromFlutterEngine

        public void detachFromFlutterEngine()

      • onActivityResult

        protected void onActivityResult​(int requestCode,
                                int resultCode,
                                Intent data)
        Overrides:
        onActivityResult in class Activity

      • onRequestPermissionsResult

        public void onRequestPermissionsResult​(int requestCode,
                                       @NonNull
                                       String[] permissions,
                                       @NonNull
                                       int[] grantResults)
        Overrides:
        onRequestPermissionsResult in class Activity

      • getContext

        @NonNull
public Context getContext()
        FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate.Host method that is used by FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate to obtain a Context reference as needed.

      • getActivity

        @NonNull
public Activity getActivity()
        FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate.Host method that is used by FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate to obtain an Activity reference as needed. This reference is used by the delegate to instantiate a FlutterView, a PlatformPlugin, and to determine if the Activity is changing configurations.

      • getLifecycle

        @NonNull
public androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle getLifecycle()
        FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate.Host method that is used by FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate to obtain a Lifecycle reference as needed. This reference is used by the delegate to provide Flutter plugins with access to lifecycle events.
        Specified by:
        getLifecycle in interface androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner

      • getFlutterShellArgs

        @NonNull
public FlutterShellArgs getFlutterShellArgs()
        FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate.Host method that is used by FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate to obtain Flutter shell arguments when initializing Flutter.

      • getCachedEngineId

        @Nullable
public String getCachedEngineId()
        Returns the ID of a statically cached FlutterEngine to use within this FlutterActivity, or null if this FlutterActivity does not want to use a cached FlutterEngine.

      • shouldDestroyEngineWithHost

        public boolean shouldDestroyEngineWithHost()
        Returns false if the FlutterEngine backing this FlutterActivity should outlive this FlutterActivity, or true to be destroyed when the FlutterActivity is destroyed.

        The default value is true in cases where FlutterActivity created its own FlutterEngine, and false in cases where a cached FlutterEngine was provided.

      • getDartEntrypointFunctionName

        @NonNull
public String getDartEntrypointFunctionName()
        The Dart entrypoint that will be executed as soon as the Dart snapshot is loaded.

        This preference can be controlled by setting a <meta-data> called FlutterActivityLaunchConfigs.DART_ENTRYPOINT_META_DATA_KEY within the Android manifest definition for this FlutterActivity.

        Subclasses may override this method to directly control the Dart entrypoint.

      • getDartEntrypointArgs

        @Nullable
public List<String> getDartEntrypointArgs()
        The Dart entrypoint arguments will be passed as a list of string to Dart's entrypoint function.

        A value of null means do not pass any arguments to Dart's entrypoint function.

        Subclasses may override this method to directly control the Dart entrypoint arguments.

      • getDartEntrypointLibraryUri

        @Nullable
public String getDartEntrypointLibraryUri()
        The Dart library URI for the entrypoint that will be executed as soon as the Dart snapshot is loaded.

        Example value: "package:foo/bar.dart"

        This preference can be controlled by setting a <meta-data> called FlutterActivityLaunchConfigs.DART_ENTRYPOINT_URI_META_DATA_KEY within the Android manifest definition for this FlutterActivity.

        A value of null means use the default root library.

        Subclasses may override this method to directly control the Dart entrypoint uri.

      • getInitialRoute

        public String getInitialRoute()
        The initial route that a Flutter app will render upon loading and executing its Dart code.

        This preference can be controlled with 2 methods:

        1. Pass a boolean as FlutterActivityLaunchConfigs.EXTRA_INITIAL_ROUTE with the launching Intent, or
        2. Set a <meta-data> called FlutterActivityLaunchConfigs.INITIAL_ROUTE_META_DATA_KEY for this Activity in the Android manifest.
        If both preferences are set, the Intent preference takes priority.

        The reason that a <meta-data> preference is supported is because this Activity might be the very first Activity launched, which means the developer won't have control over the incoming Intent.

        Subclasses may override this method to directly control the initial route.

        If this method returns null and the shouldHandleDeeplinking returns true, the initial route is derived from the Intent through the Intent.getData() instead.

      • getAppBundlePath

        @NonNull
public String getAppBundlePath()
        A custom path to the bundle that contains this Flutter app's resources, e.g., Dart code snapshots.

        When this FlutterActivity is run by Flutter tooling and a data String is included in the launching Intent, that data String is interpreted as an app bundle path.

        When otherwise unspecified, the value is null, which defaults to the app bundle path defined in FlutterLoader.findAppBundlePath().

        Subclasses may override this method to return a custom app bundle path.

      • getRenderMode

        @NonNull
public RenderMode getRenderMode()
        FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate.Host method that is used by FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate to obtain the desired RenderMode that should be used when instantiating a FlutterView.

      • getTransparencyMode

        @NonNull
public TransparencyMode getTransparencyMode()
        FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate.Host method that is used by FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate to obtain the desired TransparencyMode that should be used when instantiating a FlutterView.

      • getFlutterEngine

        @Nullable
protected FlutterEngine getFlutterEngine()
        Hook for subclasses to obtain a reference to the FlutterEngine that is owned by this FlutterActivity.
        Returns:
        The Flutter engine.

      • configureFlutterEngine

        public void configureFlutterEngine​(@NonNull
                                   FlutterEngine flutterEngine)
        Hook for subclasses to easily configure a FlutterEngine.

        This method is called after provideFlutterEngine(Context).

        All plugins listed in the app's pubspec are registered in the base implementation of this method unless the FlutterEngine for this activity was externally created. To avoid the automatic plugin registration for implicitly created FlutterEngines, override this method without invoking super(). To keep automatic plugin registration and further configure the FlutterEngine, override this method, invoke super(), and then configure the FlutterEngine as desired.

        Specified by:
        configureFlutterEngine in interface FlutterEngineConfigurator
        Parameters:
        flutterEngine - The Flutter engine.

      • shouldAttachEngineToActivity

        public boolean shouldAttachEngineToActivity()
        Hook for subclasses to control whether or not the FlutterFragment within this Activity automatically attaches its FlutterEngine to this Activity.

        This property is controlled with a protected method instead of an Intent argument because the only situation where changing this value would help, is a situation in which FlutterActivity is being subclassed to utilize a custom and/or cached FlutterEngine.

        Defaults to true.

        Control surfaces are used to provide Android resources and lifecycle events to plugins that are attached to the FlutterEngine. If shouldAttachEngineToActivity is true, then this FlutterActivity will connect its FlutterEngine to itself, along with any plugins that are registered with that FlutterEngine. This allows plugins to access the Activity, as well as receive Activity-specific calls, e.g. Activity.onNewIntent(Intent). If shouldAttachEngineToActivity is false, then this FlutterActivity will not automatically manage the connection between its FlutterEngine and itself. In this case, plugins will not be offered a reference to an Activity or its OS hooks.

        Returning false from this method does not preclude a FlutterEngine from being attaching to a FlutterActivity - it just prevents the attachment from happening automatically. A developer can choose to subclass FlutterActivity and then invoke ActivityControlSurface.attachToActivity(ExclusiveAppComponent, Lifecycle) and ActivityControlSurface.detachFromActivity() at the desired times.

        One reason that a developer might choose to manually manage the relationship between the Activity and FlutterEngine is if the developer wants to move the FlutterEngine somewhere else. For example, a developer might want the FlutterEngine to outlive this FlutterActivity so that it can be used later in a different Activity. To accomplish this, the FlutterEngine may need to be disconnected from this FlutterActivity at an unusual time, preventing this FlutterActivity from correctly managing the relationship between the FlutterEngine and itself.

      • shouldHandleDeeplinking

        public boolean shouldHandleDeeplinking()
        Whether to handle the deeplinking from the Intent automatically if the getInitialRoute returns null.

        The default implementation looks <meta-data> called FlutterActivityLaunchConfigs.HANDLE_DEEPLINKING_META_DATA_KEY within the Android manifest definition for this FlutterActivity.

      • onFlutterSurfaceViewCreated

        public void onFlutterSurfaceViewCreated​(@NonNull
                                        FlutterSurfaceView flutterSurfaceView)

      • onFlutterTextureViewCreated

        public void onFlutterTextureViewCreated​(@NonNull
                                        FlutterTextureView flutterTextureView)

      • onFlutterUiDisplayed

        public void onFlutterUiDisplayed()

      • onFlutterUiNoLongerDisplayed

        public void onFlutterUiNoLongerDisplayed()

      • shouldRestoreAndSaveState

        public boolean shouldRestoreAndSaveState()

      • shouldDispatchAppLifecycleState

        public boolean shouldDispatchAppLifecycleState()
        Give the host application a chance to take control of the app lifecycle events.

        Return false means the host application dispatches these app lifecycle events, while return true means the engine dispatches these events.

        Defaults to true.

      • popSystemNavigator

        public boolean popSystemNavigator()
        Description copied from interface: PlatformPlugin.PlatformPluginDelegate
        Allow implementer to customize the behavior needed when the Flutter framework calls to pop the Android-side navigation stack.
        Specified by:
        popSystemNavigator in interface PlatformPlugin.PlatformPluginDelegate
        Returns:
        true if the implementation consumed the pop signal. If false, a default behavior of finishing the activity or sending the signal to OnBackPressedDispatcher will be executed.

      • updateSystemUiOverlays

        public void updateSystemUiOverlays()